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The Perils of Complacency
America at a Tipping Point in Science & Engineering
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An Update to Restoring the Foundation: The Vital Role of Research in Preserving the American Dream
A Report Brief (online below, in PDF, and in print) and a Full Report (in PDF) are available.
This report and its supporting data were finalized in April 2020. While some new data have been released since then, the report’s findings and recommendations remain valid. Please note that Figure 1 was based on NSF analysis, which used existing OECD purchasing power parity (PPP) to convert U.S. and Chinese financial data. OECD adjusted its PPP factors in May 2020. The new factors for China affect the curves in the figure, pushing the China-U.S. crossing point toward the end of the decade. This development is addressed in Appendix B.
American Academy of Arts & Sciences
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Introduction
The Ingredients of Innovation: China and the United States
Human Capital
Knowledge Capital
Innovation Ecosystem
Financial Capital
Recommendations
Reaffirming the 2014 Recommendations
New Recommendations for 2020
American Academy of Arts & Sciences
Resources
Topics