Marc Aaron Kastner

Solid-state physicist who pioneered the development of semiconductor quantum dots to create single-electron transistors. Discovered the Kondo effect in these structures and made the first measurements of the Kondo effect out of equilibrium. Developed the valence-alternation model of electronic defects in glasses. Was Head of the MIT Department of Physics from 1998 to 2007 and Dean of the MIT School of Science from 2007 to 2013. In 2013 he was nominated by President Obama to be Director of the Office of Science in the Department of Energy.