Eva Y. Andrei

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey ~Professor of Physics. Explored collective behavior of many-particle systems of reduced dimensionality at low temperatures and high magnetic fields. By applying a magnetic field to quench quantum fluctuations, was the first to observe a Wigner solid in a 2D electron system (1988). Devised a novel dual RF frequency spectroscopy technique and investigated the specific and latent heats of the 2D Wigner crystal formed by electrons floating on superfluid helium (1988), thereby performing the first thermodynamic measurement on a Wigner solid. Demonstrated the transition from electron crystal to quantum liquid in the degenerate 2D electrons in GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructures. Using a unique pulsed transport technique, studied the vortex lattice dynamics in superconductors, including glassy behavior, healing defects, and disordered domains (2005, 2007). Invented Landau Level spectroscopy technique which enabled the first direct observation of quantized Landau levels, revealing the Dirac fermion nature of electrons in graphene (2007) and later in other materials.  Reported the long-sought-after fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene (2009). By applying scanning tunneling spectroscopy and microscopy, observed the formation of Van-Hove singularities (2010) and the linear energy spectrum of massless Dirac fermions. In 2016 she and her group discovered that vacancies in graphene can be charged into a  supercritical regime leading to the formation of artificial atoms.